The Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

     The epic The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, is about a disturbed youngster named Holden Caulfield. Holden look through his high school life, battling to discover answers to his inquiries concerning himself and his personality. Regardless of where Holden goes, as he would see it he is encircled by fakes. They give off an impression of being wherever Holden is: his school, the lodging, the theater, and everywhere throughout the boulevards of New York. The story is told from Holden’s perspective, as he tries to assemble the bits of the riddle that he calls his life.      Holden Caulfield, the fundamental character in the novel, is a juvenile young person. Holden is sixteen years of age, six feet two inches tall, with a group trim and rashly turning gray hair. His story starts as he is kicked out of private academy, and takes off to New York. Holden's contemplations and thoughts uncover a large number of his character attributes. One late Saturday night, four days before the start of school excursion, Holden chooses to leave Pencey, his school, on the double and goes to New York via train. Once in New York, he concludes that he will remain in a modest inn until Wednesday, when he is to get back. His arrangement shows how extremely careless he is and how he follows up spontaneously. He is ridiculous, believing that he has an idiot proof arrangement, despite the fact that the degree of he will probably â€Å"take a room in a hotel...and simply relax till Wednesday.† This strategy demonstrates Holden’s carelessness and youthf ulness at an early stage in the novel.      Another extensively minor (yet still goal) expansion to the novel is Phoebe Caulfield. Holden’s more youthful sister is his principle supporter. She stays with him regardless, yet she additionally, in any case, isn't hesitant to admonish Holden for his mistakes. In spite of the fact that Phoebe is simply a little youngster, she comprehends Holden, some of the time more than he does. â€Å"Old Phoebe didn’t state anything, yet she was listening.... she generally listens when you disclose to her something. What's more, the amusing part is she knows, a fraction of the time, what the heck you’re discussing. She truly does.† (167) Phoebe is a moment token of joy to Holden, and each choice he makes rotates by one way or another around the sister he adores to such an extent.  â â â â Holden Caulfield, from the outset, has all the earmarks of being having a contention with society, at the same time, upon closer assessment, we see that he is really just at war with himself.

Queen Elizabeth Golden Age Free Essays

Elizabeth’s Golden Age Elizabeth was Queen of England from 1558-1603. During that time England was a solid nation and she was an effective sovereign. Numerous individuals figured Elizabeth would not keep going long without an incredible spouse yet they were refuted. We will compose a custom paper test on Sovereign Elizabeth: Golden Age or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Truth be told Elizabeth was cunning in not picking a spouse. She didn’t pick a spouse since she didn’t need anyone assuming control over her seat. There were four men that she could have hitched yet said no to. The main man was Philip of Spain. Philip of Spain had hitched Elizabeth’s sister Mary and was anticipating that Elizabeth should express yes to his proposition. Elizabeth turned him down however on the grounds that she didn’t need to wed a similar man as her sister and furthermore Philip was a sincere Catholic. The English didn’t like outsiders and detested Catholic ones significantly more. There had been a resistance when Mary had hitched Philip. This was another motivation behind why Elizabeth chose not to wed Philip. Another man whom Elizabeth could have hitched was Charles of Austria. She ruled against him also however in light of the fact that she believed that he would utilize England to battle his own wars and she didn’t need England to become involved with different nations quarrels. Elizabeth could have additionally hitched a well off aristocrat from an amazing English family yet ruled against him too as though she had hitched him then the other aristocrats could have envious and begun a defiance. She was additionally smart in not wedding an aristocrat in such a case that she kept them all speculating then they would all stay faithful as they would all imagine that they got an opportunity to get some riches and influence. The last man of which she turned down was Robert Dudley who was an attractive man and whose spouse had recently died. Elizabeth turned him down as well however as she believed that he may take the risk to take her seat away from her. Despite the fact that Elizabeth was shrewd in not picking a spouse that would assume control over the entirety of her capacity, some chauvinist antiquarians will contend that in spite of the fact that Elizabeth didn’t have a husband she had great Male counsels who helped and bolstered her all through her rule. One of these men was William Cecil or Lord Burghley. During his time, William Cecil helped Elizabeth through her rule and was consistently there for her. He served her as secretary, served her as position of Lord Treasurer and along with the assistance of Sir Francis Walsingham concocted a multifaceted government agent arrange that revealed the Babington Plot. He was likewise instrumental in having Mary Queen of Scots executed and in any event, when he had lost his hearing at seventy years old, kept on serving Elizabeth who viewed him as a dad figure. He continued serving Elizabeth right until his demise in 1598. Probably the best test was to hold England together in spite of the strict divisions among her kin. Elizabeth did this by setting a center street. Elizabeth needed England to have tranquility and not be separated over religion. She attempted to discover ways which both the Catholic and Protestant sides would acknowledge and be upbeat. She made Protestantism the official religion in England. She didn't consider herself the Head of the Church of England, rather she was known as the Supreme Governor of the English Church. To satisfy the Protestants she made all holy places utilize the supplication book in English that Edward had utilized and permitted the ministers indeed to wed. To satisfy the Catholics she rolled out certain improvements to certain words in the petition book and furthermore let clerics were uncommon vestments. She didn't offer approach to fanatics however and would rebuff them. Despite the fact that she would rebuff Protestants and Catholics she would consistently rebuff Catholics all the more harshly. On the off chance that a protestant radical composed a book saying anything awful or off-base regarding Elizabeth’s choices to separate the nation calmly would have their composing hand slashed off to stop them composing further books. In any case, in the event that a Catholic radical was found attempting to change over somebody to Catholicism, at that point they would be captured, tormented and afterward in the long run hanged. Elizabeth’s treatment of the fanatics may have appeared to be terrible however it got the message across and England wound up obviously superior to it had begun. Elizabeth managed resistance from inside the nation adequately. She didn’t just arrangement with fanatics yet in addition managed Mary, Queen of Scots. Mary came back to Scotland after her first husband’s passing. She wedded again to her first cousin, Henry Stuart (Lord Darnley) after four years yet their association was despondent and in February 1567 there was a major blast at their home and Darnley was discovered dead in the nursery, obviously choked. She before long wedded James Hepburn who was really the principle murder suspect for Lord Darnley’s murder. Be that as it may, before long, after an uprising against the couple, Mary was detained in a château. After a fruitless endeavor to recover the seat, Mary fled to England to look for assurance from her first cousin, when evacuated, Elizabeth. Elizabeth had Mary captured however when she was in the nation. This was a result of the danger that Mary introduced, who had recently guaranteed the seat to be her own. Mary went through nineteen years in care, protected in strongholds and lodges across England until she was attempted and executed by Elizabeth for her contribution in the Babington plot, a plot to kill Elizabeth. Elizabeth’s treatment of Mary helped stop the Babington plot as well as aided Elizabeth’s control of England as well. This is on the grounds that Elizabeth had executed one of the head Catholics which make the others reconsider and had likewise helped her since Mary would have been the following in line to the seat after Elizabeth. A fruitful ruler needs to guard her nation. Elizabeth did this by crushing the Spanish Armada. Philip of Spain thought Elizabeth as an ill-conceived leader of England. Elizabeth had likewise helped the Dutch in the Dutch rebel against Spain. As counter, Philip conveyed an armada of boats, Armada, to attack and vanquish England. The armada set out with 22 warships and a goal of cruising through the English Channel. Philip’s plan was working out in a good way and the Armada had arrived at its first objective, to grapple at the beach front fringe region among France and the Spanish Netherlands. While anticipating interchanges from the military that would attack the South East of England, it was driven from its harbor by an English fire transport assault. Britain had just vanquished huge numbers of the Spanish ships so the Spanish armada chose pull together and pull back north. An arrival journey to Spain was plotted and the armada cruised into the Atlantic, past Ireland yet extreme tempests upset the fleet’s course. In excess of 24 vessels were destroyed protecting that England had triumph. There was one thing that prepared the Englishmen and persuaded and that was Elizabeth’s discourse. During her discourse she said â€Å" I realize I have the body of a powerless and weak lady, yet I have the substance of a King, and a Kind of England as well! † Throughout her rule Elizabeth saw the significance of keeping up a picture. She got craftsmen to paint representations of her for a mind-blowing duration. In any case, she didn’t simply have typical pictures painted, she had them painted with noteworthy things in. A case of this is she would be wearing over the top expensive garments to show she had riches. During her compositions she could likewise have a book of scriptures in her grasp to show that she held control over the religions, she could have a guide in her grasp to show that she controlled over the world and in one of her representations she had Elizabeth Regina (Elizabeth Queen) composed behind her. She is likewise astute in one of these photographs as though you take a gander at the highest point of the picture you see the Spanish Armada cruising out to attack England on the left, Elizabeth herself is in the center and afterward you have the disaster areas of the Spanish Armada on the right. In the event that we search for one single thing that made Elizabeth effective it must be her insight. I have picked this since she was astute in not picking a spouse, she sifted through the strict divisions, she vanquished an Armada with a solitary discourse and furthermore kept up an ideal picture all through. This is the reason, even today, her rule is known as The Golden Age. By Joe Tapper. The most effective method to refer to Queen Elizabeth: Golden Age, Essay models

Book Riots Deals of the Day for February 16, 2020

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Toyota Operation Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 586 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? 19. 1. a Operations Management Operation Management is a key business area that deals with production of the company. The production and post sales service are two important aspect that measures the efficiency of the business operation which monitors the resource utilized in meeting the customer expectation. The operation management governs the resource utilization to company profits by managing an efficient use of little resources and managing to produce the goods to the customer satisfaction. In simple terms the operation management is the process of converting inputs into outputs. The traditional operation management looks at the produced goods and the services offered as the two different aspects and which changed eventually when the company started to offer both these things as a part of sales. This concept of services with the goods turned to be a profitable business strategy and this sales model as most scenarios have to be looked as value added service to the customer. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Toyota Operation Management" essay for you Create order From this point of view the value added service has also turned to be an operation management and widely accepted sales strategy based on the market strategy. Operation management in the new business world is considered as a department that manages the physical and technical directions of a company which relates to the development, production and manufacturing of goods. Some of the key areas include the supply chain design and execution in accordance with the demand planning along with sourcing and supply. The technology management plays a key role in the product and process development and in developing the enterprise information system which is important process management system for the performance improvement program. The production scheduling which is an important operation in the operation management needs a close coordination between the sales department and production plant unit. For an automobile company this flow is important because of the limited space for produced goods and the raw materials is a constraint factor, so the sales figure and the forecasted sales is important in driving this supply chain management concept. The automobile company which requires a very big production unit at most cases follow the supply chain management concept and in any such scenario the raw material required for the new few production schedule will only be maintained in the production unit. The sales forecasting will lead the team to find anything they need in the company for the next few sales scheduled for the company. Sales and planning is one another important concept any company has to follow to have a supply chain method implemented in the organization. This important scheduling is important for the planning and down the line to have a proper production schedule. The sales and planning has a key benefit of meeting the sales forecast and production schedule so by meeting the demand and supply of the automobile market. To understand the process of sales and planning followed by the Toyota we have to understand how the sales demand is captured in the supply chain management process. In a normal perspective a dealer will be submitting the demand that he has received but in the Toyota sales flow there will regional offices in each sales segment they will submit a demand report once in a month and this forms the key factor in sales and planning. 19. 1. b strategic objectives of Toyota 19. 1. c Performance objectives of Toyota 19. 2. a Toyota business process 19. 2. b Quality audit of Toyota 19. 2. c Quality Culture of Toyota 19. 3. a Work activities of Toyota 19. 3. b Recommended improvements 19. 3. c Impact of proposed recommendation 19. 3. d Implementation of recommended plan

The New Angle On Christian Essay Topics Just Released

The New Angle On Christian Essay Topics Just Released In the example of deficiency of the time that you're able to purchase a low-cost dissertation. Thinking about stakes is a beneficial exercise when thinking about a thesis topic, too. By taking a look at a problem from various points of view, the predicament is subsequently restated and a solution can be discovered. Thus, it's the standard psychological issue. Christian Essay Topics Explained The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. When a work order is made by means of a Customer, both the Customer and the Writer may use the tracking system to understand the development of the job. Every Writer has her or his own evaluation. He needs to pass internal tests prior to being able to take orders. The type of book you wish to speak about forever. Writers are freelancers and are totally free to submit an application for an account. Luckily, you have our top-class group of writers who can assist students and teach them how to select the most suitable essay direction. Check this website for more tips about how to compose a Christian dissertation. Why religion and politics shouldn't mix. The Christian paper will truly supply the reader the scope to comprehend the religion better and after completion of the Christian term paper you're sure to feel the authentic nature of the religion. Christianity denies all of the evolution theories. As Christians consider the morality of AI, we should reflect on the surveillance which allows machines to learn. Example 1 The area of psychology is an exact enduring one. Example 2 In the discipline of psychology you will interact with a great deal of unique individuals. Plenty of students put on a uniform. Christian universities may insu re an assortment of subjects regarding different regions of Christian faith. A set of values could possibly be set into the idea of a value system. Naturally, merely making such a claim doesn't allow it to be true. There's a reasonable amount of detail on the meaning of 1000 decades and I also attempt to demonstrate why the millennium happens. Students with potential that are required to do well only on tests or in performance drop interest whenever they do not find the worth of what it is that they learn. The Pain of Christian Essay Topics You want to create an impact, but should you spend 5 years on your Masters then you're certain to be disappointed when no one notices or cares. My life is wholly un-figured out. It is preferable to grow up in a family with plenty of brothers and sisters. Bereaved folks care however their family members have died. Christian Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! The idea of religion is quite broad. To be a good Christian there are pl enty of things which you should practice. Both religions are extremely similar with only a few of the beliefs and teachings being different. The 3 religions have basically the exact notion but they have various methods of teachings. Purpose statements also work nicely in abstracts. Writing an argumentative essay about religion can be very complicated, as it's quite important to select a suitable topic. Worldview isn't an academic subject, it's quite practical. Becoming a Christian will be the most essential choice you could ever make. Writing about nuclear weapons is always a superb idea. Prophecy, however, is cool. Bible is silent on the matter of Purgatory. The net has made our life a good deal easier. The world will dwell in what was once referred to as paradise. Personal values developed early in life could be resistant to modify. F. Bacon The main goal of the capital isn't to get as much money as possible, yet to make sure that money produces a better life. Th e Fight Against Christian Essay Topics In the event you require worldview essays, and you're seeking for expert essay maker, order paper on the site. Nobody really wishes to compose an essay. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to locate ready-made essays and use them as an example. Christian essays usually talk about the whole philosophy. Lord's ethical order is the sole supply of morality. Many members of the world owe their creation to gods, but there's a fraction of human beings on earth who don't believe in the presence of a Supreme Being or god. Christians maintain that somebody is not only a tangible body. Other individuals assume some sort of religious faith is needed for a man to be moral.

Military Enlistment Free Essays

Mandatory military service has been an issue which has been debated and practiced for hundreds of years.   Currently, there are several countries such as Brazil, Demark, Germany, Russia, Israel, Turkey, and Singapore which have mandatory service for men at a young age, while countries such as Israel make both men and women serve a term in the armed forces (Williams).   Although countries such as Israel, who are at a perpetual war with tightened border defense, may benefit from conscription, there are many disadvantages to mandatory service which other countries experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Military Enlistment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The United States has had a history of conscription during times of war or times of crises.   The first conscription act in 1863 called for men 20 to 45 to serve.   With the ability to buy your way out of service, many people felt that this was unfair to the poor causing riots to occur in New York (Freeman).   Again, the US drafted citizens during WWI allowing for exemptions to people who were in critical domestic positions, disabled, or had dependent families (Should US Draft).   In 1940 the Selective Training and Service Act was passed, making it the first peacetime draft in preparation for the potential involvement into WWII.   This Act lead the way for the much criticized daft into the Vietnam War, which lead to the final termination of the military draft in 1973 (Should US Draft). Canada has also had a history of conscription during wartime involvement with equal dissatisfaction by the general public.   Prime Mister Borden placed a high emphases on Canadian involvement in the war effort since be believed that it would bring unity to the country, and would show the world (mainly Britain), that Canada was more than just a colony, but a major contender in the global community.   This however, did not come true since he was unable to win the support of the opposition leadership, the gap between rich and poor commitment and reward was prevalent, and the French community did not support dying overseas (Conscription for Wartime Service). During the Cold War, Russia was a country which required large numbers of conscripts for the purpose of defense.   Currently, Russia is having difficulty maintaining the level of conscription, stated by one general that only 11 percent of able men do their service.   Most used one of the 22 exemptions such as illness or education to excuse themselves from their duties.   To compound the issue, Russia’s military has experience a high level of desertion due to harsh physiological and living conditions (Agence France-Presse). Sweden has also raised issues with their conscription, questioning on whether women should be required to have a mandatory service similar to what the men are required to do.   Although their goals in mandatory service is based on building an effective and egalitarian defense force, the reality of budget cutbacks has prevented more than two thirds of eligible candidates to be called up for service (Associated Press). One of the strictest countries for mandatory service may be Israel which requires all males at the age of 18 to serve the Israel Defense Force (IDF) for 3 years, and all women to serve for 2 years.   Despite the current requirements, and the 60% acceptance of conscription by the general youth, it is estimated that only 50% of those required will actually serve any military service (NYS in Israel).   Although there has been an exemption for young Israelis with particular religions affiliation in the past with no major quarrel in the political area, recent years have lead to public criticism and lawmakers questioning the current position on the issue (NYS in Israel) Due to the severe involvement of military in the lives of almost every family, Israel’s culture, political and economic structure has been built around military service.   It has become an important test to personal and group acceptance, as well as a gateway to personal transformation.   Because of this, as the involvement of youth in the military decrease, the institute for social behavior disappears, and needs to be replaced with an alternative social structure (NYS in Israel).   This shows that not only has conscription become a necessity for defense, but also a necessity for social and economic beliefs. In 2003, Democratic Representative Charles Rangel proposed a bill for mandatory service for the United States, based on a different social aspect to conscription.   It was his belief that families, and Congress in particular, took war too lightly. Having mandatory service for all youth would make the country take a harder look at military options and be more likely to look for diplomatic solutions (Rangel Calls for Service). Further arguments for mandatory service believe that there has been a growing lack of respect among youth, as well as a decrease in overall academic capabilities with the increase of crime and substance abuse.   It is believed that the discipline, honor, and value system built within the military, along with the need for respect for the chain of command, would make a better society as a whole if conscription existed (Williams). Williams also argues that conscription would create a society that is better fit and mentally strong (Williams).   This idea brings up the concern of the current health level of the general public.   With such high levels of obesity and related health issues, would such conditions make a person exempt from mandatory service, or would basics training endanger their lives? Studies have shown that there is a relationship between obesity and poverty, stating that food that are higher is fats, sugar, or starch are typically cheaper than their healthier alternatives (Degginger).   If this is the case, then as history has shown there is a fundamental flaw in conscription where one class (typically the rich) are exempt from service, while another class are expected to enlist. This trend has always caused social criticism as it did with the riots in New York and the protests among the French communities in Canada.   The fundamental difference in this scenery however, is that it would be the poor who would be most likely exempt do to health concerns, while the rich with their lower obesity rates, would be expected to serve in the military. Economically, mandatory service is more costly than an all-voluntary military.   In 1968, Richard Nixon formed the Gates Commission to examine the shift to voluntary service after pressure from the unpopular draft for the Vietnam War.   The Commission found that the opportunity costs of a draft is higher on society as a whole then the opportunity costs of labor under a voluntary military system, decreasing output.   As people who would make higher incomes in civilian jobs be forced into lower paying military jobs, society loses as a whole (Should US Draft). As history and current issues have shown, mandatory service creates a system which separates two aspects of society, manly economical.   This separation has not gone unnoticed by the general public and usually leads to public outcry and politic pressure placed on governments.   As Israel has shown us, a successful conscription program does not go without consequences; a society where its social and economic background become reliant on the military and war.   Although there are some advantages to the personal development of a fraction of individuals through military service, the cost for society as a whole may be too great to consider mandatory military service for our youth. Bibliography Associated Press.   Sweden Considers Mandatory Military Service For Women. News-Star.com 27 June 2003.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 http://www.news-star.com/stories/062703/New_8.shtml Agence France-Presse. Only 11 Percent of Russian Men Enter Mandatory Military Service:General. Space Daily. 06 December 2002.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 http://www.spacedaily.com/2002/021206145741.ooyw2y54.html Conscription for Wartime Services. Center for Canadian Studies. 2001.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 http://www.mta.ca/faculty/arts/canadian_studies/english/about/study_guide/debates/conscription.html Degginger, Craig. USDA Study to Address Obesity and Poverty. University of Washington 22 June 2004.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 Freeman, Johanne. Timeline of the Civil War. Library of Congress 27 November 2006. Retrieved 27 November 2006 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/tl1863.html NYS in Israel. Carmel Institute For Social Studies.   27 November 2006.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 http://www.carmelinstitute.org.il/YouthService/nysinisrael.htm Rangel Calls for Mandatory Military Service. CNN.com 30 December 2002.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 http://archives.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/12/29/mandatory.military/index.html Should the US Reinstitute a Military Draft.   South-Western. 2003.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 http://www.swlearning.com/economics/policy_debates/draft.html Williams, Armstrong. Mandatory Military Service Would Benefit the U.S. NewsMax.com 19 June 2006.   Retrieved 27 November 2006 http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2006/6/18/162837.shtml How to cite Military Enlistment, Essay examples

The Effect of Enforcement on Merchant Compliance with the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Law by Richard Scribner and Button Down Terror

Introduction In the world that we are living in, there are a lot of issues that affect the manner in which individuals of different age groups, gender, culture and backgrounds interact with each other. It is due to this fact that laws have been designed to ensure that the rights of every individual within the society are respected. In this respect therefore, this essay shall analyze two research papers that have been conducted in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘The Effect of Enforcement on Merchant Compliance with the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Law’ by Richard Scribner and ‘Button Down Terror-A Metamorphosis of Hate Movement’ by Barbra Perry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first paper, ‘The Effect of Enforcement on Merchant Compliance with the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Law,’ written by Richard Scribner and Deborah Cohen focuses on the effects of Min imum Legal Drinking Age Law in the United States. The second paper, ‘Button Down Terror-A Metamorphosis of Hate Movement,’ written by Barbra Perry focuses on the effects of hate movement in the United States and the impacts hate movement has on discrimination, gender equality and politics. This essay shall discuss, compare and contrast these two papers based on their research designs, methodologies, experimental designs and variables, sampling formats, concepts and theories presented and their ethical considerations. An Analysis of the Papers The theme of these two papers focuses on contemporary issues that affect the social welfare of the United States. The paper that was advanced by Scribner and Cohen (2009) focused on the impacts that general deterrence of intervention in a bid t increase the compliance of Minimum Drinking Age Law (MLDA) in USA. New Orleans, USA was the case study of the research. According to Scribner and Cohen (2009), the effects of MLDA should alw ays be felt within the society whether the laws are enforced or not. However, Scribner and Cohen (2009) asserted that for MLDA to be implemented effectively and efficiently, the law should focus on the retailers rather than the youths and adolescents. This is due to the fact that focusing on retailers will result to a decline in the availability of alcohol by the youths hence reduce the consumption of the substance by the individuals of this age group altogether.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, the paper that was advanced by Perry (n.d) focused at the manner in which the hate movement in USA has taken a new direction in the modern era. The changes in the composition of the society, politics and the advancements that have been experienced in the communication industry have brought about drastic changes in the hate movement within the USA. Despite the fact that individuals can have ideological indifference with regards to gender or politics, Perry (n.d) asserted that the main factor that steered the hate movement in USA was the element of white supremacy. In the process, several hate groups have been formed in the United States that aim at regaining the white supremacy that the country had before the civil movement of the 1960s and ensure that the voice of the minorities is not heard (Perry, n.d). Research Methodologies For a research study to be successful and effective, it has to adopt certain research methods that will ensure that the results and inferences that shall be made from the data collected correspond to the research questions and objective. In research, there are qualitative studies and quantitative studies. In qualitative studies, the researcher tries to identify a phenomenon that is not known to man. Quantitative studies on the other hand require the researcher to manipulate data in order to get the desired results. With reg ards to the papers at hand, the paper that was presented by Scribner and Cohen followed a quantitative research design while the paper that was advanced by Perry followed a qualitative design approach. However, the study that was conducted by Perry (n.d) used information that had been collected from previous studies in order to explain a new phenomenon (hate movement on a modern face). To collect the data that is essential for their studies, the authors of these two papers employed a number of methods. The main method that was used in the study conducted by Perry (n.d) was literature review. Perry (n.d) reviewed literature from a variety of sources in order to present the status of hate movement in USA.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on ‘The Effect of Enforcement on Merchant Compliance with the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Law’ by Richard Scribner and ‘Button Down Terror-A Metamorphosis of Hate Movement’ by Barbra Perry specifically for y ou for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The information that she managed to gather from her sources was essential in determining the status of hate movement within the United States in the past, present and the direction that it may take in future. Literature review is an essential method of collecting data especially with regards to contemporary issues such as the case of Perry (n.d). Since this study was based on literature review, it did not have either independent or dependent variables. As a result, there was not conceptualization or operationalization of data. However, to support her arguments, Perry (n.d) used a mixture of concepts and theories. Her paper was mainly based on the theory that the individuals who advocated for hate movement in USA wanted to ensure that white supremacy is achieved in USA. To support her arguments, she used the concept of group and movement mentality that support such initiatives. The main problem that Perry (n.d) faced in her study was to identify all groups and each and every individual in USA who was involved in hate speech. To solve this problem, Perry (n.d) focused on white supremacy in USA and analyzed the groups that advocated for the initiative. This included groups such as the Ku Klax who have been advocating white supremacy for decades and recent groups such as the skinheads. Scribner and Cohen (2009) used a quasi-experimental approach in their study. They used the random sampling approach to collect relevant data for their study. In addition, they had a baseline for their study from which they would detect the changes of their subjects with time. In this study, compliance rates of MLDAs formed the independent variable while the sale of alcohol was the dependent variable. To conceptualized their data, Scribner and Cohen (2009) used alcohol outlets. To operationalize this variable, Scribner and Cohen (2009) analyzed the sale of alcohol form these outlet with regards to the baseline for eight months. The study tried to identify the rate at which retail stores in New Orleans complied to MLDAs and the impact that this compliance had on the sale of alcohol to minors. To advance this, several concepts and theories were put in place. The main theory that the paper advanced was that deterrence strategies have a lower impact when social and psychological factors influence the behaviour of the target group. Therefore, the concept that Scribner and Cohen used on their paper was that the MLDAs should target alcohol retailers rather than under aged individuals.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From their study, it was found that MLDAs were more effective when targeting retailers rather than under aged individuals since after the compliance laws were passed, there was an increase in compliance to the law from 16-34 stores out of the 143 that were used in the study. In addition, road accidents and injuries declined drastically within that period. However, the main problem that the study faced was lack of relevant literature to support their argument. Not so many studies had been conducted to compare the effects of MLDAs targeting under aged individuals and retails stores. However, to overcome this problem, Scribner and Cohen (2009) used historical information on cases of accidents and injuries in New Orleans where MLDAs had only targeted under aged individuals before 1995 and compared the same construct after MLDAs started to target alcohol outlets. It was identified that the rate of accidents and injuries had tremendously reduced after the introduction of the law. This pro ved that MLDAs were more effective while targeting alcohol outlets than teenagers. Ethical Considerations The Zimbardo experiment is viewed as one of the most unethical studies conducted in USA. The study tried to identify the psychological effects that individuals had while being either a guard or a prisoner. This study was unethical on the grounds that it violated human rights by taking away the individuality of the participants who acted as prisoners. The study also had racial discrimination since most of the individuals who were chosen to be guards were white. However, both of the studies that have been presented in this paper had ethical considerations. They were all conducted in a manner that eliminated the interference of the culture and morals of the United States community. In addition, both of these studies were conducted to ensure a better community that is free from hate movement and alcohol abuse from the under aged individuals. Conclusion Research studies are conducted in a systemic manner in order for them to achieve their goals and purposes. These studies adopted various research approaches and techniques. Some of these techniques were similar (such as ethical considerations) while others like the research design were different. This was due to the fact that each one of these studies had different objectives hence their different design. References Perry, B. (n.d). Button Down Terror: A Metamorphosis of Hate Movement. Historical and  Comparative Research, 2 (1), 247-261 Scribner, R. and Cohen, D. (2009). The Effect of Enforcement on Merchant Compliance with the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Law. Journal of Drug Issues, 31(4), 857-866 This essay on ‘The Effect of Enforcement on Merchant Compliance with the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Law’ by Richard Scribner and ‘Button Down Terror-A Metamorphosis of Hate Movement’ by Barbra Perry was written and submitted by user Vaughn H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.